John 1 Interlinear
John 1 Interlinear

John 1 Interlinear

What does the Greek Say?

English translations are typically translated in a biased in support of trinitarian theology. To get a clearer idea of what the Greek actually says, the Greek text for John 1:1-4, 14 is provided below followed by Literal and Interpretative translations from the Greek. 

John 1:1-4, 14 (NA28)

1 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

2 οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν.

3 πάντα διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ γέγονεν

4 ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων·

14 Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας.

Interlinear Table, John 1 :1-4,  14

Below is a word for word interlinear table with the Greek, English translation, Parsings and lexicon definition of each word (Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament, Barclay Newman, supplemented by BDAG)

Greek

Translation

Parsing

Glossary

1 ἐν

1 in

Preposition Governing the Dative

en – prep. with dat. in, on, at; near, by, before; among, within; by, with

ἀρχῇ

in beginning

Noun, Dative, Feminine, Singular

arche – beginning, first

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

the

Determiner, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

λόγος

Word

Noun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

logos – something said (e.g. word; saying; message, teaching; talk, conversation; reasoning

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

the

Determiner, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

λόγος

Word

Noun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

logos – something said (e.g. word; saying; message, teaching; talk, conversation; reasoning

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

πρὸς

toward

Preposition Governing the Accusative

pros – (gen.) to, for; (dat.) on, at, near, by; (acc.) to, toward; with; in order to; against

τὸν

the

Determiner, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

ton – the; this, that; he, she, it

θεόν

God

Noun, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

theon – God

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

θεόν

God

Noun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

theon – God

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

the

Determiner, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

λόγος

Word

Noun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

logos – something said (e.g. word; saying; message, teaching; talk, conversation; reasoning

2 οὗτος

2 this

Pronoun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

houtos – this, this one; he, she, it

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

ἐν

in

Preposition Governing the Dative

en – prep. with dat. in, on, at; near, by, before; among, within; by, with

ἀρχῇ

in beginning

Noun, Dative, Feminine, Singular

arche – beginning, first

πρὸς

toward

Preposition Governing the Accusative

pros – (gen.) to, for; (dat.) on, at, near, by; (acc.) to, toward; with; in order to; against

τὸν

the

Determiner, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

ton – the; this, that; he, she, it

θεόν

God

Noun, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

theon – God

3 πάντα

3 all

Adjective, Nominative, Neuter, Plural

pas – (1) without the article each, every (pl. all); every kind of; all, full, absolute, greatest; (2) with the article entire, whole; all; (3) everyone, everything

διʼ

through (by means of)

Preposition Governing the Genitive

dia – (1) gen. through, by means of, with; during, throughout; through, among, throughout; (2) acc. because of, on account of, for the sake of; through, by (rarely); therefore, for this reason

αὐτοῦ

of this

Pronoun, Genitive, Masculine, Singular, 3rd Person

autos – self, of oneself, even, very; preceded by the article the same; as a third person pro. he, she, it

ἐγένετο,

it was caused-to-be

Verb, Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ginomai – to cause to be (“gen”-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.): — arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass)

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

χωρὶς

apart

Preposition Governing the Genitive

chōris – (1) prep. with gen. without, apart from, without relation to, besides, in addition to; (2) adv. separately, by itself

αὐτοῦ

of this

Pronoun, Genitive, Masculine, Singular, 3rd Person

autos – self, of oneself, even, very; preceded by the article the same; as a third person pro. he, she, it

ἐγένετο,

it was caused-to-be

Verb, Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ginomai – to cause to be (“gen”-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.): — arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass)

οὐδὲ

not

Adverb

oude – neither, nor, and not

ἕν

one

Adjective, Nominative, Neuter, Singular

heis – one; a, an, single; only one

that

Determiner, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

hos – who, which, what, that

 γέγονεν

 it is caused-to-be

Verb, Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ginomai – to cause to be (“gen”-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.): — arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass)

4 ἐν

4 in

Preposition Governing the Dative

en – prep. with dat. in, on, at; near, by, before; among, within; by, with; into (= είς); to, for (rarely); ἐν τῷ with inf. during, while, as

αὐτῷ

it

Pronoun, Dative, Masculine, Singular, 3rd Person

autos self, of oneself, even, very; preceded by the article the same; as a third person pro. he, she, it

ζωὴ

life

Noun, Nominative, Feminine, Singular

zōē life

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

the

Determiner, Nominative, Feminine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

ζωὴ

life

Noun, Nominative, Feminine, Singular

zōē – life

ἦν

was

Verb, Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ēn – be, exist; happen, take place; live; be located in; remain, stay; come

τὸ

the

Determiner, Nominative, Neuter, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

φῶς

light

Noun, Nominative, Neuter, Singular

phōs – light

τῶν

of the

Determiner, Genitive, Masculine, Plural

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

ἀνθρώπων

of men

Noun, Genitive, Masculine, Plural

anthrōpos – human being, person; humankind, people; man, husband

   

 

14 καί

14 And

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

the

Determiner, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

λόγος

Word

Noun, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

logos – something said (e.g. word; saying; message, teaching; talk, conversation; reasoning

σὰρξ

flesh

Noun, Nominative, Feminine, Singular

sarx – flesh, physical body

ἐγένετο

it was caused-to-be

Verb, Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

ginomai – to cause to be (“gen”-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.): — arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be) come (to pass)

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

ἐσκήνωσεν

dwelled

Verb, Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

skēnoō – live, dwell

ἐν

in

Preposition Governing the Dative

en – prep. with dat. in, on, at; near, by, before; among, within; by, with; into (= είς); to, for (rarely)

ἡμῖν

in us

Pronoun, Dative, (No Gender), Plural, 1st Person

hēmin – we, us

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

ἐθεασάμεθ α

we saw

Verb, Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural

theaomai – see, look at; notice, observe; visit

τὴν

the

Determiner, Accusative, Feminine, Singular

ho – the; this, that; he, she, it

δόξαν

glory

Noun, Accusative, Feminine, Singular

doxa – glory, splendor, grandeur (in gen. often glorious); power, kingdom; praise, honor; pride

αὐτοῦ,

of even

Pronoun, Genitive, Masculine, Singular, 3rd Person

autos – self, of oneself, even, very; preceded by the article the same; as a third person pro. he, she, it

δόξαν

glory

Noun, Accusative, Feminine, Singular

doxa – glory, splendor, grandeur (in gen. often glorious); power, kingdom; praise, honor; pride

ὡς

as

Particle

hōs – as, that, how, about, when; like, as

μονογενοῦς

of unique

Adjective, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

monogenēs – one and only, unique

παρὰ

from

Preposition Governing the Genitive

para – (gen.) from; (dat.) with, before, among, in the sight of; (acc.) beside, along side, by, at

πατρός,

of father

Noun, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

patēr – father

πλήρης

full

Adjective, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

plērēs – full; complete; full-grown

χάριτος

of grace

Noun, Genitive, Feminine, Singular

charis – grace, kindness, mercy, goodwill

καί

and

Conjunction

kai – and; and then, then; but, yet, however; also, even, likewise

ἀληθείας

of truth

Noun, Genitive, Feminine, Singular

alētheia – truth, truthfulness; reality

Literal and Interpretative Translations

Both literal and interpretative translations are provided below for 1 John 1:1-3,  The Literal Translation is a based on the interlinear table available on this page. 

John 1:1-4, 14, Literal Translation

1 In beginning was the Word,

and the Word was toward the God,

and God was the Word.

2 This was in beginning toward the God.

3 All through this it was caused-to-be

and apart of this it was caused-to-be not one.

 What is caused-to-be 4 in it life was,

and the life was the light of men

14 And the Word – flesh – it was caused-to-be

and was dwelling in us,

and we saw the glory

of even glory as of unique from the father,

full of grace and of truth.

John 1:1-4, 14 Interpretative Translation

1 At first was the plan,

and the plan was pertaining to the God,

and a divine thing was the plan.

2 The plan was at first pertaining to the God.

3  All things through the plan was made,

and apart from the plan nothing was made.

What is made 4 in the plan was life,

and the life was the light of men …

14 And the plan was made flesh,

and dwelt among us,

and we beheld the glory,

glory as of the unique from the father,

full of grace and truth.